The loud argument between the two men shattered the morning's calm. The attendant of the rabbinical court opened the door and was surprised by the sight before him.

This was the court of Rabbi Yosef Chaim of Baghdad (1835-1909), renowned as the Ben Ish Chai, after the title of his famous book. Although he had declined to serve as Baghdad’s official rabbi, he was revered by everyone. Thousands flocked to hear his sermons, and people from every level of society listened attentively to his words. His home, too, was always open to anyone seeking guidance.

The litigants standing at the entrance made an unusual pair: one was a poor Jew, and the other an Arab. The Arab was the plaintiff, the Jew was the defendant.

The Arab began to speak. He claimed that the Jew had stolen his money and refused to return it. “We already went to the Muslim court,” the Arab explained. “The Jew denied stealing the money, and the judge ruled in his favor. So I asked him to come with me to the rabbi’s court. Perhaps here he will admit the truth.”

Rabbi Yosef Chaim asked to speak privately with the Jew.

“Is his money really in your possession?” he asked directly.

The Jew could not bring himself to lie while looking into the eyes of the great sage. He lowered his gaze.

“Yes,” he admitted. “I wanted to return the money, but I am desperately poor and have no way to obtain it. That is why I denied the debt in court. I knew that if I could not repay it immediately, I would be thrown into prison.”

The rabbi called the plaintiff back into the room. Opening a drawer, the rabbi removed a bundle of banknotes and handed it to the Arab.

“You did well by coming here,” he said. “All Jews are one extended family. I will pay the debt on this man’s behalf. When his situation improves, he will repay me.”

Rabbi Yosef Chaim’s noble act deeply impressed the plaintiff. Judging by the Jewish man’s poverty, it was clear that the rabbi was unlikely to see his money again anytime soon.

Years passed.

On the twenty-second day of Nissan in the year 5629 (1869), Rabbi Yosef Chaim finally decided to fulfill his dream. Accompanied by his brother and several wealthy Jews from Baghdad, he set out for the Holy Land.

The journey took them across deserts filled with danger. The greatest threat came from bands of robbers who lay in wait for travelers. No one dared cross the desert alone. Travelers would wait until a large group had assembled and then set out together in a caravan of camels accompanied by armed guards.

When Rabbi Yosef Chaim and his companions arrived at the caravan gathering point, they discovered that the caravans continued traveling on Shabbat. Rabbi Yosef Chaim refused to join them.

Instead, he searched for a guide who would agree, in exchange for a generous payment, to stop traveling before Shabbat began on Friday afternoon and remain in place until Saturday night.

At last, he found a Bedouin guide willing to accept his conditions, and the small caravan set out across the desert.

On Friday afternoon, while they were deep in the wilderness, Rabbi Yosef Chaim informed the Bedouin that they would camp there for Shabbat. He asked the guide to stop, but the man refused as the area was extremely dangerous and rife with bandits. Under no circumstances, he insisted, would he remain there for an entire day.

Without arguing, Rabbi Yosef Chaim and his companions climbed down from their camels. They arranged their belongings in preparation for Shabbat and lit candles shortly before sunset.

Night fell in the vast blackness of the desert. The lights twinkled and could be seen for miles around.

Terrified that robbers might attack, the Bedouin guide slunk away from the group and hid among the rocks. From there, he watched Rabbi Yosef Chaim and his companions.

Rabbi Yosef Chaim recited the Friday-night prayers with deep devotion. He then stood and chanted Kiddush in a pleasant melody. During the meal, he sang the traditional Shabbat songs aloud.

Suddenly, the guide heard a rustling sound.

Turning his head, he saw a band of robbers quietly approaching the camp.

He watched as the leader of the bandits left his men behind and crept closer to the group of Jewish travelers.

A few moments passed. Then, to the Bedouin’s astonishment, the leader turned around and signaled to his men to retreat.

The robbers protested. Why should they give up such easy prey?

The Bedouin heard their leader explain:

“That is a great and holy rabbi. Years ago, when I was in trouble, he came to my aid. A Jewish man owed me money, and the rabbi paid the debt himself. I will not allow anyone to harm him.”

After the robbers disappeared into the darkness, the Bedouin emerged from his hiding place and rushed toward Rabbi Yosef Chaim. He fell to his knees and begged the rabbi’s forgiveness, now realizing that he was in the presence of a holy man.

After Shabbat, the group continued on its way and soon arrived safely in the Land of Israel. Rabbi Yosef Chaim visited the graves of the Patriarchs and other holy sites. Toward the end of Elul that year, he returned safely to his home in Baghdad.

Translated from Tzadikim Lamofet, with thanks to Rabbi Hillel Baron