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<h1 class="article-header__title js-article-title js-page-title">Le roi David</h1>
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<span class="article-header__byline" data-kid="1316" data-author-bio="Mindel, Nissan"><a title="Browse more articles by Mindel, Nissan" href="/search/keyword_cdo/kid/1316/jewish/Mindel-Nissan.htm">par Nissan Mindel</a></span>
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<div class="co_body article-body cf"><section><h2>Les ancêtres du roi David</h2>
<p>Lorsque <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="40081">David</span> naquit à Bethléem dans le pays de Juda, en 2854 après la Création du Monde, il appartenait seulement à la dixième génération de la lignée de Juda, un des fils de <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="40020">Jacob</span>.</p>
<p>David appartenait à la noble famille de la tribu qui donnait à Israël des princes et des chefs.</p>
<p>Un des premiers ancêtres de David, <a href="/parshah/article_cdo/aid/2223093/jewish/Qui-tait-Nahchone-ben-Aminadav.htm" title="Qui était Na’hchone ben Aminadav?">Na’hchone ben Aminadav</a>, se distingua lors de la traversée de la mer Rouge, après la libération d’Égypte des enfants d’Israël. C’est lui qui se jeta le premier à l’eau et tout de suite après, la mer se divisa pour laisser un passage libre aux enfants d’Israël. Depuis, Na’hchone était le plus honoré parmi les princes d’Israël. Il fut le premier à apporter des offrandes au <a href="/parshah/article_cdo/aid/2471688/jewish/En-quoi-consistait-le-Tabernacle-Michkane.htm" title="En quoi consistait le Tabernacle (Michkane)?">Michkane</a> (sanctuaire) qui fut installé dans le désert un an après la traversée de la mer Rouge.</p>
<p>L’arrière-grand-père de David, <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="41078">Boaz</span> ou Ivtzane, était le dixième Juge d’Israël. Les Juges furent les chefs du peuple d’Israël pendant la période qui s’écoula entre Josué et le roi Saül. Boaz, le successeur de Jephté, était le dixième Juge et il régna sept ans (2787-2793). Il comptait parmi les hommes les plus savants et les plus pieux de sa génération. Il possédait une grande fortune et sa générosité était célèbre.</p>
<p>À travers tous les siècles, la grande tradition de la noble descendance de Juda et Jacob fut maintenue par la famille de Jessé, le père de David. Les qualités insignes de cette dynastie étaient l’érudition, la piété, la gentillesse, la générosité et la richesse. Mais c’est David qui de tous les membres de cette grande famille, se distinguait par les traits les plus nobles.</p>
</section><section><h2>L’auteur des Psaumes</h2>
<p>Ce n’est pas en tant que guerrier ou puissant roi que David gagna l’amour éternel de notre peuple, et de tous les peuples de la terre, mais plutôt en sa qualité d’auteur du Livre des Psaumes (les <i>Téhilim</i>), la poésie israélite la plus douce.</p>
<p>Le roi David fut un maillon de la chaîne de la transmission de la <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/5538423/jewish/Quest-ce-que-la-Torah.htm" title="Qu’est-ce que la Torah ?">Torah</a>, étant le successeur spirituel du prophète <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="38858">Samuel</span>. Il s’entoura d’un groupe de prophètes et de savants et ils étudiaient la <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="39995">Torah</span> tous ensemble. Il se moquait de la vie confortable que son palais royal aurait pu lui offrir et, contrairement aux habitudes de tous les autres rois, il se levait avant le lever du soleil pour dire des prières et chanter les psaumes à la louange de D.ieu, le Roi des rois.</p>
<p>Les psaumes sont des hymnes de louanges, adressées au Tout-Puissant, le Créateur du Monde. Ils parlent de la grandeur de <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/1849908/jewish/Dieu.htm" title="Dieu">D.ieu</a>, de Sa bonté et de Sa miséricorde, de Sa puissance et de Sa justice. David met tout son cœur dans ces Psaumes et nous assure de sa croyance la plus sincère et la plus sûre en D.ieu seul. Nombre de ces psaumes sont des prières et des supplications adressées à D.ieu et que David récita dans les périodes difficiles. D’autres psaumes contiennent de bons conseils et montrent la voie du vrai bonheur par la vertu et le respect des commandements de D.ieu. Ainsi, les psaumes expriment tous les événements qui peuvent se produire dans la vie individuelle, ainsi que dans la vie de la nation juive. En effet, dans l’histoire de David, son exil, sa persécution, ses luttes et son triomphe final, le peuple juif trouve un exemple et une prophétie de sa propre vie. Il n’est donc pas surprenant que le Livre des Psaumes ait servi à travers tous les siècles de source inépuisable d’inspiration, de courage et d’espérance.</p>
<p>Les Psaumes ne furent pas tous composés par David. Quelques-uns avaient déjà été composés par <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="40962">Adam</span>, Chem, <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="37397">Abraham</span> et Moïse. Le roi David les rassembla tous, et y ajouta les psaumes qu’il avait composé lui-même, inspiré par D.ieu.</p>
<p>Le Livre des Psaumes est divisé en cinq parties, parallèlement aux Cinq Livres de la Bible. Il est, de plus, subdivisé en sept parties, une pour chaque jour de la semaine, et également en trente autres parties, pour chaque jour du mois. De nombreux Juifs ont coutume de réciter une partie de ces psaumes chaque jour après les prières du matin, les récitant ainsi tous en une semaine ou en un mois.</p>
</section><section><h2>David, le roi d’Israël, est vivant et éternel</h2>
<p>David mourut le Chabbat qui tomba le jour de la fête de Chavouot en 2924 (837 avant l’ère commune). Son règne dura quarante ans (2884-2924). Les sept premières années il régna à Hébron comme chef de la tribu de Juda et les trente-trois autres années, il régna à <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/2597327/jewish/Jrusalem.htm" title="Jérusalem">Jérusalem</a> sur tout Israël. Cependant, durant la révolte qui eut <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="38028">Absalom</span> pour instigateur, il fut en exil pendant six mois.</p>
<p>Pour le peuple juif, David n’est pas mort. Son souvenir est vivant à jamais dans le Livre des Psaumes et dans l’espoir messianique du peuple juif, car nos prophètes nous ont promis que le <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/710293/jewish/Machiah.htm" title="Machia’h">Messie</a> serait un descendant de David, roi d’Israël.</p>
<p><i>Pour plus de détails sur la vie du Roi David, lire :</i> <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/6908048/jewish/Lhistoire-du-roi-David-dans-la-Bible.htm" title="L’histoire du roi David dans la Bible"><i>L’histoire du roi David dans la Bible</i></a></p></section></div>
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<span class="reader-name small_right_padding">DUGELET</span>
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<span class="comment-date" title="Tuesday, March 11, 2014 11:30:00 AM">March 11, 2014</span>
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Généalogie
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Shalom,<br />je fais une &#233;tude sur la g&#233;n&#233;alogie de David. Pourquoi la plupart des traductions concernant Boaz traduisent par Booz - la voyelle n&#39;est-elle pas un patah ?<br />Pouvons-nous conna&#238;tre la date de naissance de Salmon P&#232;re de Boaz et comment s&#39;appelait sa femme ?<br />Merci d&#39;avance et bravo pour votre site. Que Hachem vous garde ! G&#233;rard
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<span class="reader-name small_right_padding">Bensaid</span>
<span class="reader-location small_right_padding">Paris, France</span>
<span class="comment-date" title="Thursday, January 26, 2012 5:42:00 PM">January 26, 2012</span>
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David et Moché
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Si David est mort le chabbath de la f&#234;te de Chavouot y a t il un lien (parent&#233; ou autre) avec Moch&#233;?; je ressens par ailleurs une ressemblance dans le &quot;couple&quot; Moch&#233; et Aaron&quot; avec le &quot;couple&quot; David et Schlomo; J'ai l'impression que David &quot;descend&quot; de Moch&#233; et Schlomo de Aaron; ce ressenti peut-il trouver une explication?<br /><br />Merci de votre &#233;clairage
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