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<h1 class="article-header__title js-article-title js-page-title">13 faits sur Rabbi Chalom DovBer de Loubavitch</h1>
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<img src="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1121/Jtci11214202.jpg?_i=_n32DD4A5CE5B405756B86D11830CBE5B1" itemprop="image" alt="The fifth Chabad Rebbe, Rabbi Shalom DovBer Schneersohn." title="The fifth Chabad Rebbe, Rabbi Shalom DovBer Schneersohn." srcset="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1121/Jtci11214202.jpg?_i=_n32DD4A5CE5B405756B86D11830CBE5B1 500w, https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1121/Jtci11214202.jpg?_i=_n76B3E6A404D908E662A1538A4A879637 480w" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 685px, 100vw" />
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The fifth Chabad Rebbe, Rabbi Shalom DovBer Schneersohn.
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</section><section><h2>1. Il porte les noms de ses deux arrière-grands-pères.</h2>
<p>Rabbi Chalom DovBer de Loubavitch (connu sous son acronyme, « Rabbi Rachab ») est né le 20 mars 5621 (1860). Il fut nommé d’après deux de ses illustres arrière-grands-pères :</p>
<blockquote>
<p>a) Rabbi Chalom Chakhna,<a class="footnote_ref" href="javascript:doFootnote('1a5482263');" name="footnoteRef1a5482263">1</a> père du troisième Rabbi de ‘Habad-Loubavitch, <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/1207671/jewish/Rabbi-Menahem-Mendel-le-Tsmah-Tsdek-1789-1866.htm" title="Rabbi Mena’hem Mendel, le Tséma’h Tsédek (1789-1866)">Rabbi Mena’hem Mendel Schneersohn</a>, appelé du nom de son œuvre, le « Tsema’h Tsédek ».</p>
<p>b) <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/4201109/jewish/Rabbi-DovBer-Chnouri-le-Rabbi-Intermdiaire.htm" title="Rabbi DovBer Chnéouri, le “Rabbi Intermédiaire”">Rabbi DovBer de Loubavitch</a>, le deuxième Rabbi ‘Habad, appelé le Rabbi Intermédiaire, soit « Mitteler Rebbé » en <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="38056">yiddish</span> et « Admour Haemtsahi » en hébreu.</p>
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</section><section><h2>2. Il fut le cinquième Rabbi de ‘Habad-Loubavitch</h2>
<p>En 5643 (1882), après le décès de son père, <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/1207681/jewish/Rabbi-Chmouel-le-Rabbi-Maharach.htm" title="Rabbi Chmouel, le Rabbi Maharach">Rabbi Chmouel Schneersohn de Loubavitch</a>, connu sous l’acronyme de « Rabbi Maharach », Rabbi Chalom DovBer assuma la direction du mouvement. Il conserva cette position pendant plus de 37 ans, jusqu’à son décès le 2 <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="38795">Nissan</span> 5680 (1920), suite auquel lui succéda son fils unique, <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/932273/jewish/Rabbi-Yossef-Itshak-Schneersohn-1880-1950.htm" title="Rabbi Yossef Its’hak Schneersohn (1880 – 1950)">Rabbi Yossef Its’hak Schneersohn</a>, le Rabbi précédent.</p>
<p><b>Lire :</b> <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/1207683/jewish/Biographie-de-Rabbi-Chalom-Dov-Ber-Schneersohn.htm" title="Biographie de Rabbi Chalom Dov Ber Schneersohn"><b>Biographie de Rabbi Chalom DovBer Schneersohn</b></a></p>
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<img src="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/881/wUuk8816351.jpg?_i=_n32DD4A5CE5B405756B86D11830CBE5B1" alt="Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn—the Previous Rebbe, of righteous memory—in his younger years." title="Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn—the Previous Rebbe, of righteous memory—in his younger years." srcset="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/881/wUuk8816351.jpg?_i=_n32DD4A5CE5B405756B86D11830CBE5B1 500w, https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/881/wUuk8816351.jpg?_i=_n76B3E6A404D908E662A1538A4A879637 480w" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 685px, 100vw" loading="lazy" />
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Rabbi <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="15340">Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn</span>—the Previous <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="40432">Rebbe</span>, of righteous memory—in his younger years.
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</section><section><h2>3. Il commença à guider les disciples à l’âge de 21 ans</h2>
<p>Lorsque son père quitta ce monde, Rabbi Chalom DovBer était un jeune homme de 21 ans. Pendant les onze années qui suivirent, il refusa d’assumer officiellement le titre de « <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/1406915/jewish/Quest-ce-quun-Rabbi.htm" title="Qu’est-ce qu’un Rabbi?">Rabbi</a> », expliquant qu’il estimait nécessaire de consacrer d’abord du temps à améliorer son caractère et à approfondir les enseignements du ‘hassidisme. Néanmoins, il se mit immédiatement à prononcer des discours ‘hassidiques (appelés <i>maamarim</i>) et à conseiller ses disciples sur des questions spirituelles. Enfin, le jour de Roch Hachana 5654 (1893), il commença à agir en tant que Rabbi dans tous les domaines.</p>
</section><section><h2>4. Il accomplit des exploits titanesques malgré une santé fragile.</h2>
<p>Il est difficile de trouver un leader juif qui ait accompli autant de choses malgré une santé aussi fragile. Rabbi Chalom DovBer souffrait de tuberculose, d’un cœur fragile et d’autres maladies, ce qui l’obligeait à se rendre chaque année dans des stations thermales pendant des mois dans des endroits tels que Yalta (Crimée), Vienne (Autriche), Marienbad (République tchèque), Wurzburg (Allemagne) et bien d’autres encore.<a class="footnote_ref" href="javascript:doFootnote('2a5482263');" name="footnoteRef2a5482263">2</a> Malgré son état de santé fragile, Rabbi Chalom DovBer se révéla être un activiste acharné en faveur des Juifs russes dans une myriade d’affaires, dont voici quelques exemples.</p>
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<img src="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1140/txgH11404341.jpg?_i=_n504BC99DD0473598AAE3BCDC5D75568D" alt="A garden in the resort area surrounding Yalta" title="A garden in the resort area surrounding Yalta" srcset="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1140/txgH11404341.jpg?_i=_n504BC99DD0473598AAE3BCDC5D75568D 685w, https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1140/txgH11404341.jpg?_i=_nF2BB495DED96754E4660F69A3A9F4712 640w, https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1140/txgH11404341.jpg?_i=_n76B3E6A404D908E662A1538A4A879637 480w" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 685px, 100vw" loading="lazy" />
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A garden in the resort area surrounding Yalta
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</section><section><h2>5. Il fonda la yéchiva Tomchei Temimim</h2>
<p>L’accomplissement le plus marquant de Rabbi Chalom DovBer est sans doute la fondation de la yéchiva Tom’<span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="41908">hei</span> Temimim, en 5657 (1897). Jusque-là, les yéchivas se concentraient sur l’enseignement du <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="38968">Talmud</span> et de la loi juive, préparant leurs étudiants à leur carrière de futurs rabbins. Cependant, des vents de changement soufflaient sur l’Europe, et un grand pourcentage d’étudiants de yéchivas étaient emportés par l’excitation des Lumières, du sionisme séculier et d’autres mouvements. Constatant cela, Rabbi Chalom DovBer conclut que la seule façon d’assurer l’avenir du judaïsme authentique était d’établir une yéchiva qui se concentrerait sur le développement du caractère spirituel de ses étudiants, les futurs leaders du judaïsme mondial. Pour atteindre cet objectif, l’étude du ‘hassidisme fut incluse dans le programme de la yéchiva, ce qui était un concept révolutionnaire à l’époque.</p>
<p><b>Lire :</b> <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/1617166/jewish/La-yeshiva-Tomhei-Temimim.htm" title="La yeshiva Tom’hei Temimim"><b>La yéchiva Tom’hei Temimim</b></a></p>
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<img src="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1140/fxBd11404340.jpg?_i=_n32DD4A5CE5B405756B86D11830CBE5B1" alt="The home of the Rebbe and the yeshivah campus in the city of Lubavitch." title="The home of the Rebbe and the yeshivah campus in the city of Lubavitch." srcset="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1140/fxBd11404340.jpg?_i=_n32DD4A5CE5B405756B86D11830CBE5B1 500w, https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1140/fxBd11404340.jpg?_i=_n76B3E6A404D908E662A1538A4A879637 480w" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 685px, 100vw" loading="lazy" />
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The home of the Rebbe and the <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="36207">yeshivah</span> campus in the city of <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="34608">Lubavitch</span>.
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<p>La maison du Rabbi et le campus de la yéchiva dans la ville de Loubavitch.</p>
</section><section><h2>6. Il est surnommé « le Maïmonide du ‘hassidisme »</h2>
<p>Rabbi Chalom DovBer a acquis à titre posthume un surnom intéressant : « Le <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="38914">Rambam</span> [<a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/1085514/jewish/Le-Rambam.htm" title="Le Rambam">Maïmonide</a>] du ‘hassidisme ». Les discours ‘hassidiques de Rabbi Chalom DovBer se distinguent par leur clarté et la présentation de sujets complexes de manière organisée, à l’instar de l’arrangement systématique de la loi juive réalisé par Maïmonide dans son œuvre maîtresse, le Michné <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="39987">Torah</span>.</p>
<p>Le vaste éventail d’enseignements ‘hassidiques de Rabbi Chalom DovBer a été publié dans des dizaines de volumes et est étudié dans les yéchivas et les foyers ‘Habad du monde entier.</p>
</section><section><h2>7. Il a activement défendu les droits des Juifs de Russie</h2>
<p>Rabbi Chalom DovBer n’a jamais cessé de se battre pour que ses frères soient considérés comme des citoyens à part entière du tsar. En 1882, le gouvernement russe rédigea les Lois de Mai, qui limitaient sévèrement les lieux de vie et les emplois des Juifs. Utilisant tous les moyens et toutes les relations dont il disposait, Rabbi Chalom DovBer chercha à alléger ces restrictions autant que possible. Il réussit par exemple à obtenir la libération de 300 Juifs accusés de vivre illégalement au-delà de la Zone de Résidence.</p>
</section><section><h2>8. Il œuvra en étroite collaboration avec des dirigeants non ‘hassidiques et non religieux</h2>
<p>Pour atteindre ces objectifs, Rabbi Chalom DovBer n’hésita pas à s’associer à des dirigeants qui partageaient des visions du monde différentes, voire opposées, aux siennes. Parmi les nombreux érudits de la <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/1426382/jewish/Torah.htm" title="What Is the Torah?">Torah</a> avec lesquels il joignit ses efforts, citons le <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="41939">Rav</span> ‘Haïm Soloveitchik, rabbin de Brisk, le Rav ‘Haïm Ozer Grodzinski, rabbin de Vilna, le Rav Chmouel Weinberg, Rabbi de Slonim, le ‘Hakham ‘Haïm ‘Hizkiya Medini, rabbin sépharade de Hébron, et le Rav <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="39069">Shlomo</span> Zalman Breuer, gendre du Rav <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="39426">Samson</span> Raphael Hirsch et rabbin orthodoxe de Francfort.</p>
<p>Rabbi Chalom DovBer s’assura même les services du baron <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="40096">David</span> Gunzburg, malgré le vaste fossé idéologique et religieux qui les séparait. Ils unirent notamment leurs efforts pour fournir de la matsa aux soldats juifs envoyés en Extrême-Orient pendant la guerre russo-japonaise.</p>
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<img src="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1140/xixN11404339.jpg?_i=_n621FEA467B2DE78EF14C61745266D4FE" alt="Chacham Chaim Chizkiyah Medini, Sephardic rabbi of Chevron, depicted while living in Crimea." title="Chacham Chaim Chizkiyah Medini, Sephardic rabbi of Chevron, depicted while living in Crimea." srcset="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1140/xixN11404339.jpg?_i=_n621FEA467B2DE78EF14C61745266D4FE 663w, https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1140/xixN11404339.jpg?_i=_nF2BB495DED96754E4660F69A3A9F4712 640w, https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1140/xixN11404339.jpg?_i=_n76B3E6A404D908E662A1538A4A879637 480w" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 685px, 100vw" loading="lazy" />
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Chacham Chaim <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="34676">Chizkiyah</span> Medini, <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="34807">Sephardic</span> rabbi of Chevron, depicted while living in Crimea.
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</section><section><h2>9. Il œuvra sans relâche pour soutenir les Juifs d’Israël</h2>
<p>Rabbi Chalom DovBer joua un rôle actif dans le soutien de la communauté juive d’Israël, tant sur le plan matériel que spirituel. Il s’impliqua dans la gestion de l’institution caritative ‘Habad en Terre Sainte, « Colel ‘Habad », s’assurant que les fonds seraient distribués honnêtement aux bénéficiaires appropriés, et organisa des financements supplémentaires et des logements pour les Juifs vivant à Hébron. Il créa également une branche sœur de Tom’<a href="/multimedia/video_cdo/aid/757516/jewish/Hey.htm" title="Hey!">hei</a> Temimim en Israël appelée Torat Emet.</p>
<p>Dans le même temps, il s’opposa avec véhémence à l’approche sioniste laïque consistant à remplacer la vie religieuse par un nationalisme athée.</p>
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<img src="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1140/fEqH11404338.jpg?_i=_n504BC99DD0473598AAE3BCDC5D75568D" alt="Beit Romano, a large campus purchased by Rabbi Shalom DovBer in the holy city of Hebron." title="Beit Romano, a large campus purchased by Rabbi Shalom DovBer in the holy city of Hebron." srcset="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1140/fEqH11404338.jpg?_i=_n504BC99DD0473598AAE3BCDC5D75568D 685w, https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1140/fEqH11404338.jpg?_i=_nF2BB495DED96754E4660F69A3A9F4712 640w, https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1140/fEqH11404338.jpg?_i=_n76B3E6A404D908E662A1538A4A879637 480w" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 685px, 100vw" loading="lazy" />
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<span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="41047">Beit</span> Romano, a large campus purchased by Rabbi <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="28036">Shalom DovBer</span> in the holy city of Hebron.
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</section><section><h2>10. Il promut une éducation authentique pour les enfants juifs</h2>
<p>À la fin du XIXe siècle, les Juifs russes s’intéressaient de plus en plus à l’avancement de la culture et des connaissances. L’un des principaux militants dans ce domaine était le baron Horace Gunzburg (le père du baron David) qui s’efforçait d’ouvrir des écoles dans toute la Russie où les enfants juifs pouvaient recevoir une éducation laïque. Conscient du fait que les enseignants de ces écoles partageaient des points de vue hérétiques avec leurs élèves, et voyant le grand nombre de jeunes qui s’égaraient en conséquence, Rabbi Chalom DovBer se battit bec et ongles contre ces efforts. Lorsqu’il apprit que la JCA, basée à Paris, avait promis un million de francs pour aider le Baron dans ses efforts, il lança une campagne massive pour présenter aux donateurs la véritable situation critique des Juifs russes. Une partie importante du don fut ainsi réorientée pour aider à la construction d’une usine à Dubrovna, qui permit à près de 2000 travailleurs juifs de gagner leur vie.</p>
<p>Rabbi Chalom DovBer fonda également HaA’h, un bulletin hebdomadaire destiné aux enfants, contenant des histoires et d’autres documents attrayants transmettant les bonnes valeurs juives, qui circula de 1910 à 1914.</p>
</section><section><h2>11. Il étendit l’aide spirituelle aux communautés séfarades éloignées</h2>
<p>Rabbi Chalom DovBer fut le premier Rabbi de ‘Habad-Loubavitch à envoyer des émissaires pour soutenir les communautés juives éloignées. Il envoya notamment des disciples dans les communautés éloignées de Boukhara (Ouzbékistan) et de Géorgie, où l’observance religieuse avait connu un déclin. Bien que ses disciples soient ashkénazes et que les habitants soient séfarades, leurs efforts furent couronnés de succès.</p>
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<img src="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1140/iqed11404343.jpg?_i=_n504BC99DD0473598AAE3BCDC5D75568D" alt="Mountain Jews in the Quba district of Azerbaijan learning Torah." title="Mountain Jews in the Quba district of Azerbaijan learning Torah." srcset="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1140/iqed11404343.jpg?_i=_n504BC99DD0473598AAE3BCDC5D75568D 685w, https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1140/iqed11404343.jpg?_i=_nF2BB495DED96754E4660F69A3A9F4712 640w, https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1140/iqed11404343.jpg?_i=_n76B3E6A404D908E662A1538A4A879637 480w" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 685px, 100vw" loading="lazy" />
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Mountain Jews in the Quba district of Azerbaijan learning Torah.
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</section><section><h2>12. Il fuit à Rostov pendant la Première Guerre mondiale</h2>
<p>Alors que les Allemands avançaient sur le territoire russe pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, Rabbi Chalom DovBer dut prendre la difficile décision de quitter Loubavitch, le siège du mouvement ‘Habad depuis 102 ans. Il transféra sa cour dans la ville de Rostov, où il demeura jusqu’à son décès en 5680 (1920).</p>
<p>Il y poursuivit ses activités communautaires. Parmi celles-ci figure l’ouverture de l’imprimerie <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="41068">Ezra</span>, dans le but de publier des livres de prières et d’autres ouvrages juifs de base pour l’important afflux de réfugiés juifs. Il participa également aux efforts de réinstallation des communautés juives à la fin de la guerre.</p>
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<img src="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1121/FTMg11214165.jpg?_i=_n504BC99DD0473598AAE3BCDC5D75568D" alt="The Rebbe Rashab&amp;#39;s and Rebbe Rayatz&amp;#39;s residence in Rostov. (Photo: בתוך הגולה (אלישיב קפלון), חיש תשע&amp;quot;ב)" title="The Rebbe Rashab&amp;#39;s and Rebbe Rayatz&amp;#39;s residence in Rostov. (Photo: בתוך הגולה (אלישיב קפלון), חיש תשע&amp;quot;ב)" srcset="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1121/FTMg11214165.jpg?_i=_n504BC99DD0473598AAE3BCDC5D75568D 685w, https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1121/FTMg11214165.jpg?_i=_nF2BB495DED96754E4660F69A3A9F4712 640w, https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1121/FTMg11214165.jpg?_i=_n76B3E6A404D908E662A1538A4A879637 480w" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 685px, 100vw" loading="lazy" />
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The Rebbe <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="38845">Rashab</span>'s and <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="30012">Rebbe Rayatz</span>'s residence in Rostov. (Photo: בתוך הגולה (אלישיב קפלון), חיש תשע"ב)
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</section><section><h2>13. Il travaillait constamment à son service de D.ieu</h2>
<p>Rabbi Chalom DovBer ne laissait pas le temps consacré à ses efforts communautaires affecter son service personnel de D.ieu. Il suivait un programme quotidien rigoureux qui comprenait de nombreuses heures de prière et d’étude de la Torah, et il était extrêmement scrupuleux en matière de loi juive. Il passait souvent de nombreuses heures consécutives à contempler un concept ‘hassidique, et il cherchait constamment à améliorer son caractère et à accroître sa dévotion envers D.ieu. Il exigeait la même chose de ses disciples, et c’est peut-être là sa plus grande réussite : il réussit à élever une génération de ‘hassidim qui ont ensuite entretenu la flamme du judaïsme dans la Russie communiste et l’ont répandue dans le monde entier.</p>
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<img src="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1140/MHYf11404342.jpg?_i=_n32DD4A5CE5B405756B86D11830CBE5B1" alt="The final lines of Kuntres Eitz HaChaim (The Treatise of the Tree of Life), a booklet written for yeshivah students by Rabbi Shalom DovBer." title="The final lines of Kuntres Eitz HaChaim (The Treatise of the Tree of Life), a booklet written for yeshivah students by Rabbi Shalom DovBer." srcset="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1140/MHYf11404342.jpg?_i=_n32DD4A5CE5B405756B86D11830CBE5B1 500w, https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1140/MHYf11404342.jpg?_i=_n76B3E6A404D908E662A1538A4A879637 480w" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 685px, 100vw" loading="lazy" />
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The final lines of Kuntres Eitz HaChaim (The Treatise of the Tree of Life), a booklet written for <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/4407857/jewish/What-Is-a-Yeshiva.htm" title="What Is a Yeshiva?">yeshivah</a> students by Rabbi <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/272209/jewish/The-Rebbe-Rashab.htm" title="The Rebbe Rashab">Shalom DovBer</a>.
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<div id="footnoteTR1a5482263" class="footnote " group=""><a name="footnote1a5482263" class="footnoteLink" href="#footnoteRef1a5482263">1.</a><div class="footnoteBody ">
<p>Un descendant direct de Rabbi Dovid Altschuler, célèbre auteur du commentaire Metsoudot sur les Écritures.</p>
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<div id="footnoteTR2a5482263" class="footnote " group=""><a name="footnote2a5482263" class="footnoteLink" href="#footnoteRef2a5482263">2.</a><div class="footnoteBody ">
<p>Bien que ses visites aient été motivées par des raisons de santé, il chercha dans chaque endroit la communauté juive locale et s’enquit de ce qu’il pouvait faire pour l’aider.</p>
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<div class="credit_text_item">Rav Yehuda Altein est un écrivain, traducteur et éditeur spécialisé dans les sujets juifs et les documents familiaux manuscrits. Ancien chercheur pour l’Institut de recherche Machon Shmuel de JLI, il a écrit sur l’histoire juive, l’exégèse scripturale, la halakha et la ‘hassidout. Yehuda réside à Brooklyn, N.Y., avec sa famille et aime collectionner des objets judaïques anciens et explorer l’histoire naturelle dans la Torah.</div>
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if (typeof(glossary_items) == 'undefined') glossary_items={};glossary_items['g_15340']={word: 'Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn', text: ['Sixth leader of Chabad-Lubavitch; 1880-1950; lived in Lubavitch, Warsaw and New York; headed the movement’s active resistance against the Communist suppression of religion in Russia and transferred the movement to the US during World War II.'], article_count: [125], kid: [1395],relatedArticleUrl: '/library/article_cdo/aid/3573646/jewish/The-Previous-Rebbe.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'The Previous Rebbe',isVideo: false,};glossary_items['g_28036']={word: 'Shalom DovBer', text: ['Rabbi Sholom DovBer of Lubavitch, fifth leader of Chabad-Lubavitch;1860-1920; founder of the Tomchei Temimim yeshivah in Lubavitch in 1897, famed for his profound analytical treatment of Chabad chassidism'], article_count: [118], kid: [1464],relatedArticleUrl: '/library/article_cdo/aid/272209/jewish/The-Rebbe-Rashab.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'The Rebbe Rashab',isVideo: false,};glossary_items['g_30012']={word: 'Rebbe Rayatz', text: ['Sixth leader of Chabad-Lubavitch; 1880-1950; lived in Lubavitch, Warsaw and New York; headed the movement’s active resistance against the Communist suppression of religion in Russia and transferred the movement to the US during World War II.'], article_count: [125], kid: [1395],relatedArticleUrl: '/library/article_cdo/aid/3573646/jewish/The-Previous-Rebbe.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'The Previous Rebbe',isVideo: false,};glossary_items['g_34608']={word: 'Lubavitch', text: ['(lit. “town of love”) townlet in the county of Mohilev, White Russia, which served as the center of the Chabad Chassidism for four generations, from 1813 to 1915 and whose name has become synonymous with the movement.'], article_count: [360], kid: [10016],relatedArticleUrl: '/library/article_cdo/aid/244369/jewish/About-Chabad-Lubavitch.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'About Chabad-Lubavitch',isVideo: false,};glossary_items['g_34676']={word: 'Chizkiyah', text: ['Hezekiah, one of the last righteous kings of the first temple period'], article_count: [18], kid: [12062],relatedArticleUrl: '/library/article_cdo/aid/464023/jewish/King-Hezekiah.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'King Hezekiah',isVideo: false,};glossary_items['g_34807']={word: 'Sephardic', text: ['Jews of South European or North African origin; pertaining to such Jews.'], article_count: [20], kid: [13136],relatedArticleUrl: '/library/article_cdo/aid/2617014/jewish/The-Rise-of-the-Sepharadim.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'The Rise of the Sepharadim',isVideo: false,};glossary_items['g_36207']={word: 'Yeshivah', text: ['Academy of Torah learning.','Academies of Torah learning.'], article_count: [73,73], kid: [8069,8069],relatedArticleUrl: '/library/article_cdo/aid/4407857/jewish/What-Is-a-Yeshiva.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'What Is a Yeshiva?',isVideo: false,};glossary_items['g_38056']={word: 'Yiddish', text: ['the traditional language of Ashkenazic Jewry, spoken over the course of 1000 years in Central and Eastern Europe, and around the world.'], article_count: [25], kid: [12556],relatedArticleUrl: '/library/article_cdo/aid/4157123/jewish/Yiddish.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'Yiddish',isVideo: false,};glossary_items['g_38795']={word: 'Nissan', text: ['the Hebrew month in which Passover falls; mandated by the Torah to occur in the spring.'], article_count: [24], kid: [144],relatedArticleUrl: '/parshah/article_cdo/aid/2842/jewish/Our-Other-Head.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'Our Other Head',isVideo: false,};glossary_items['g_38845']={word: 'Rashab', text: ['Rabbi Sholom DovBer of Lubavitch, fifth leader of Chabad-Lubavitch;1860-1920; founder of the Tomchei Temimim yeshivah in Lubavitch in 1897, famed for his profound analytical treatment of Chabad chassidism'], article_count: [118], kid: [1464],relatedArticleUrl: '/library/article_cdo/aid/272209/jewish/The-Rebbe-Rashab.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'The Rebbe Rashab',isVideo: false,};glossary_items['g_38914']={word: 'Rambam', text: ['Acronym for \"Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon\" 1135-1204; Cordoba (Spain), Fez (Morocco) and Fostat (old Cairo, Egypt); known as Maimonides, he was a codifier, philosopher, communal leader, and court physician to Sultan Salamin of Egypt; author of a commentary on the Mishnah, the Book of Mitzvot, Mishneh Torah, the Guide to the Perplexed and many other works'], article_count: [234], kid: [1697],relatedArticleUrl: '/library/article_cdo/aid/889836/jewish/Maimonides-The-Rambam.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'Maimonides: The Rambam',isVideo: false,};glossary_items['g_38968']={word: 'Talmud', text: ['the basic compendium of Jewish law and thought; its tractates mainly comprise the discussions collectively known as the Gemara, which elucidate the germinal statements of law (mishnayot) collectively known as the Mishnah; when unspecified refers to the Talmud Bavli, the edition developed in Babylonia, and edited at the end of the fifth century C.E.; the Talmud Yerushalmi is the edition compiled in the Land of Israel at the end of the fourth century C.E.'], article_count: [1799], kid: [2700],relatedArticleUrl: '/library/article_cdo/aid/2537389/jewish/Talmud.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'Talmud',isVideo: false,};glossary_items['g_39069']={word: 'Shlomo', text: ['(a) (849-797 BCE) Son of <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=2417\">David</a> and <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=6763\">Bathsheba</a>, appointed king over Israel at the age of twelve. Built the first <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=238\">Holy Temple</a> in <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=1571\">Jerusalem</a>. During his reign, the Israelites enjoyed unprecedented peace and prosperity; they were feared and respected by the neighboring nations. The wisest man of all times, his superlative wisdom is recorded in the books of <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=12224\">Song of Songs</a>, <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=13645\">Proverbs</a>, and <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=10971\">Ecclesiastes</a>.\
\
(b) A common Jewish name.'], article_count: [47], kid: [9298],relatedArticleUrl: '/library/article_cdo/aid/463955/jewish/King-Solomon.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'King Solomon',isVideo: false,};glossary_items['g_39426']={word: 'Samson', text: ['(a) The seventh of the <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=11942\">Judges</a>, he judged the Israelites for twenty years (951-931 BCE). A <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=10583\">nazirite</a> from birth and of legendary strength, he single-handedly terrorized the occupying <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=11968\">Philistines</a>, once killing one thousand of them with a donkey’s jawbone. Samson’s Philistine wife, <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=11967\">Delilah</a>, persuaded him to reveal to her the source of his great strength—his never-cut hair. She revealed the secret to the Philistines, who cut his hair and incarcerated him. At a pagan festival, Samson knocked down the pillars supporting the building, killing himself and thousands of Philistines.\
\
(b) A common Jewish name.'], article_count: [18], kid: [11955],relatedArticleUrl: '/library/article_cdo/aid/464035/jewish/Samson.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'Samson',isVideo: false,};glossary_items['g_39987']={word: 'Torah', text: ['(lit. teaching) (a) The Five Books of Moses (The Bible); (b) the overall body of Jewish religious teachings encompassing the whole body of Jewish law, practice and tradition'], article_count: [32907], kid: [1199],relatedArticleUrl: '/library/article_cdo/aid/1426382/jewish/Torah.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'What Is the Torah?',isVideo: false,};glossary_items['g_40096']={word: 'David', text: ['(a) (907-837 BCE) A Bethlehem native, youngest son of <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=9270\">Jesse</a> and <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=9269\">Nitzevet</a>. A shepherd boy, he rose to fame after slaying the <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=11968\">Philistine</a> hero <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=11978\">Goliath</a>. This earned him the hand of <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=11969\">King Saul</a>’s daughter <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=11979\">Michal</a> in marriage. Anointed by <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=1356\">Samuel</a> to succeed Saul after the latter failed to annihilate <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=2825\">Amalek</a>. This aroused Saul\'s jealousy, who then pursued him relentlessly. David became king after Saul’s death. During his monarchy, David successfully secured and expanded Israel’s borders, but was beset by a series of revolts and personal tribulations. Compiled the <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=2172\">Book of Psalms</a>. Succeeded by his son <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=9298\">Solomon</a>. (b) A common Jewish name.'], article_count: [99], kid: [2417],relatedArticleUrl: '/library/article_cdo/aid/463954/jewish/King-David.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'King David',isVideo: false,};glossary_items['g_40432']={word: 'Rebbe', text: ['(lit. master) (a) A <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=1199\">Torah</a> teacher. (b) Since the founding of the <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=2534\">Chassidic</a> movement, the term Rebbe has been used primarily to refer to the leaders of Chassidic groups. (c) Today, \"the Rebbe\" is often a reference to Rabbi Menachem M. Schneerson, <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=1242\">the Lubavitcher Rebbe</a>, of righteous memory.'], article_count: [0], kid: [11449],relatedArticleUrl: '',relatedArticleTitle: '',isVideo: false,};glossary_items['g_41047']={word: 'Beit', text: ['the second letter of the Hebrew alphabet, prounounced \"b\" (or \"v\" if without a <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=11364\">dagesh</a>), with a numerical value of 2'], article_count: [10], kid: [1524],relatedArticleUrl: '/multimedia/video_cdo/aid/725011/jewish/The-Bet.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'The Bet',isVideo: true,};glossary_items['g_41068']={word: 'Ezra', text: ['(a) (d. 313 BCE) Scribe, spiritual and political Jewish leader, and head of the <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=12199\">Great Assembly</a>. A year after the completion of the <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=12355\">Second Temple</a> by Jews who had returned to the Land of Israel, Ezra led a second wave of exiles back from Babylon. Ezra taught and encouraged the observance of the laws of the Torah, and copied and disseminated the books of <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=11380\">Tanach</a>. (b) A common Jewish name.'], article_count: [19], kid: [8074],relatedArticleUrl: '/library/article_cdo/aid/4166669/jewish/The-Story-of-Ezra-the-Scribe-in-the-Bible.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'The Story of Ezra the Scribe in the Bible',isVideo: false,};glossary_items['g_41908']={word: 'Hei', text: ['the fifth letter of the Hebrew alphabet, prounounced \"h,\" with a numerical value of 5'], article_count: [15], kid: [7378],relatedArticleUrl: '/multimedia/video_cdo/aid/757516/jewish/Hey.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'Hey!',isVideo: true,};glossary_items['g_41939']={word: 'Rav', text: ['(d. 247) His given name was Abba bar Aibu, but was known simply as \"Rav\" (\"rabbi\"). Last of the <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=12574\">Mishnaic sages</a> and the first of the Babylonian <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=1416\">Talmudic sages</a>. Born in Babylon, he studied in Israel in his youth, but returned to Babylon and studied in Nahardea, where he befriended <a href=\"/search/keyword.asp?kid=13916\">Samuel bar Abba</a> and was appointed as \"Inspector of the Markets\" by the exilarch. Rav later moved to Sura, where he founded a Torah academy and transformed the city into a center of Jewish scholarship.','(lit. “Rabbi”); the halachic authority and spiritual guide of a community'], article_count: [7,0], kid: [10222,11124],relatedArticleUrl: '/library/article_cdo/aid/112292/jewish/Rav.htm',relatedArticleTitle: 'Rav',isVideo: false,};
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