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<h1 class="article-header__title js-article-title js-page-title">C’est le mois d’Eloul: il est temps de faire vérifier les mézouzas et les téfiline</h1>
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Rabbi Faitel Lewin busy at work. (Photo: Eliyahu Parypa for Chabad.org)
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<div class="co_body article-body cf"><section><p>Dans l’effervescence du quotidien, il est facile de se laisser emporter par les petites choses pour ensuite s’étonner de la façon dont le temps passe <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="41159">trop</span> vite. Mais <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/547628/jewish/Le-mois-dEloul.htm" title="Le mois d’Eloul">au mois d’Eloul</a> nous nous efforçons d’utiliser consciemment le temps pour la réflexion, l’introspection et la préparation avant les « Jours Solennels » allant de Roch Hachana à Yom Kippour.</p>
<p>L’une des choses importantes à faire pendant Eloul est de faire contrôler les mézouzas et les téfiline. Pour ce faire, il faut faire appel à un scribe certifié et expérimenté, un « <i>sofer</i> », expert en STaM : <b>S</b>efer <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="39995">Torah</span>, <b>T</b>éfiline, et <b>M</b>ézouza.</p>
<p>Le <i>sofer</i> <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="41899">Rav</span> Yossef Its’hak (« Fitz ») Rabin explique que « selon la lettre de la loi, les <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/652721/jewish/Les-Tfiline.htm" title="Les Téfiline">téfiline</a> n’ont pas besoin d’être vérifiés à moins qu’un problème externe n’apparaisse, et les <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/789847/jewish/La-Mzouza.htm" title="La Mézouza">mézouzas</a> ne doivent être vérifiées que deux fois en sept ans. Mais une personne proactive et diligente devrait faire vérifier ses téfiline et ses mézouzas chaque année au cours du mois d’Eloul. »</p>
<p>« Avec la mitsva de la mézouza, dit le <i>sofer</i> <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="41964">Rav</span> Its’hak Raskin, l’intention est avant tout d’accomplir la mitsva de D.ieu d’apposer des mézouzas cashers aux portes de sa maison qui le requièrent. En outre, il y a un avantage supplémentaire pour la famille : la protection de D.ieu de la maison, des biens et des personnes qui y vivent, tant à l’intérieur qu’à l’extérieur de la maison. »</p>
</section><section><h2>« Une énorme responsabilité »</h2>
<p>Le Rav Rabin utilise cette analogie : « Pour s’alimenter, on n’achète pas de nourriture dans la cuisine en jouet d’un enfant. Nous nous rendons à l’épicerie pour cela. Ce que les aliments en plastique faits pour jouer sont à la vraie nourriture, un étui de mézouza vide ou un rouleau de papier ou un parchemin photocopié le sont au parchemin authentique de la mézouza. » Accomplir la mitsva signifie comprendre que le boîtier n’est qu’un ornement.</p>
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<img src="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1025/cftx10257983.jpg?_i=_n4CA84D5D57C28D2CD55CE5C424EAC03B" alt="Rabbi Yosef Rabin (Photo: Ira Berger)" title="Rabbi Yosef Rabin (Photo: Ira Berger)" srcset="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1025/cftx10257983.jpg?_i=_n4CA84D5D57C28D2CD55CE5C424EAC03B 250w" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 250px, 100vw" loading="lazy" />
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Rabbi <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="40034">Yosef</span> Rabin (Photo: Ira Berger)
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<p>« Il faut avoir une véritable mézouza écrite par un scribe certifié, diligent, responsable, prudent, bien informé et craignant D.ieu, dit le Rav Rabin. C’est une énorme responsabilité, surtout parce que la mitsva élève le matériel dans le monde spirituel. »</p>
<p>Le Rav Raskin donne ce conseil : « Il y a beaucoup de scribes et de marchands. Ne présumez pas que la mézouza achetée avec un boîtier ou dans un magasin est casher. Assurez-vous de connaître le scribe et sa réputation avant d’acheter vos téfiline et vos mézouzas. »</p>
<p>Dans le <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/2447811/jewish/Le-Chma.htm" title="Le Chéma">Chéma Israël</a>, il est indiqué que pour accomplir la mitsva de la mézouza, un rouleau doit être manuscrit. Mais cela ne suffit pas. Pour qu’une mézouza soit casher, un scribe doit connaître et appliquer plus de 700 lois relatives à son écriture. Celles-ci incluent des détails tels que l’état d’esprit et la préparation personnelle du scribe, de la plume, de l’encre noire et du parchemin utilisés, et la manière dont chaque lettre doit être écrite.</p>
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<img src="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1025/mmdL10257984.jpg?_i=_n4CA84D5D57C28D2CD55CE5C424EAC03B" alt="Rabbi Yitzchok Raskin" title="Rabbi Yitzchok Raskin" srcset="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1025/mmdL10257984.jpg?_i=_n4CA84D5D57C28D2CD55CE5C424EAC03B 250w" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 250px, 100vw" loading="lazy" />
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Rabbi <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="36087">Yitzchok</span> Raskin
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<p>Le parchemin utilisé doit être entièrement issu de la peau d’un animal casher. Il provient presque toujours d’une vache, mais de la peau de mouton ou de chèvre peut également être utilisée. Le Rav Rabin explique que le scribe doit s’immerger régulièrement dans un mikvé, prier pour que son travail soit réussi et déclarer verbalement son intention avant d’écrire. Tout au long du processus, le scribe doit être pleinement conscient des saintes paroles qu’il écrit ; il ne peut y avoir aucune distraction. Certains portent même des bouchons d’oreille pour étouffer le bruit extérieur.</p>
<p>Les mézouzas, en particulier celles fixées à l’extérieur d’une maison, sont soumises à toutes sortes de variations climatiques, telles que l’humidité, la pluie, les températures extrêmes et le soleil, qui peuvent rendre le parchemin cassant ou altérer les lettres en provoquant une fissure ou une décoloration de l’encre. Ces problèmes ont souvent un impact sur le fait qu’une mézouza soit casher ou non.</p>
<p>Pour un Juif, dit le Rav Rabin, la <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/1426382/jewish/Torah.htm" title="What Is the Torah?">Torah</a> et les mitsvot sont ce qui nous aide à accéder à notre connexion avec <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/1849908/jewish/Dieu.htm" title="Dieu">D.ieu</a>. Elles nous apportent de la vitalité et donnent un sens à notre vie. Les téfiline et les mézouzas en sont une partie importante, et comme toute relation que l’on chérit, elles méritent qu’on y consacre toute notre attention.</p>
<p>Pour trouver un scribe certifié, <a href="/jewish-centers" title="Chabad Centers and Synagogue Directory">contactez votre centre ‘Habad local</a>.</p>
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<img src="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1025/Vsvw10257985.jpg?_i=_n32DD4A5CE5B405756B86D11830CBE5B1" alt="In this scroll, the scribe placed the leg of the letter “dalet” too far to the left, making it appear like a “zayin” and causing the scroll to be unfit for use." title="In this scroll, the scribe placed the leg of the letter “dalet” too far to the left, making it appear like a “zayin” and causing the scroll to be unfit for use." srcset="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1025/Vsvw10257985.jpg?_i=_n32DD4A5CE5B405756B86D11830CBE5B1 500w, https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1025/Vsvw10257985.jpg?_i=_n76B3E6A404D908E662A1538A4A879637 480w" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 685px, 100vw" loading="lazy" />
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In this scroll, the scribe placed the leg of the letter “<span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="40170">dalet</span>” too far to the left, making it appear like a “<span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="40103">zayin</span>” and causing the scroll to be unfit for use.
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<img src="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1025/xgQG10257986.jpg?_i=_n32DD4A5CE5B405756B86D11830CBE5B1" alt="This scroll is missing the ornamental “tagim” above the letter “ayin.”" title="This scroll is missing the ornamental “tagim” above the letter “ayin.”" srcset="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1025/xgQG10257986.jpg?_i=_n32DD4A5CE5B405756B86D11830CBE5B1 500w, https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/1025/xgQG10257986.jpg?_i=_n76B3E6A404D908E662A1538A4A879637 480w" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 685px, 100vw" loading="lazy" />
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This scroll is missing the ornamental “<span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="40319">tagim</span>” above the letter “<span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="41046">ayin</span>.”
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