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<h1 class="article-header__title js-article-title js-page-title">Qu’est-ce que le Hakhel?</h1>
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<h2 class="article-header__subtitle">Le Hakhel: hier et aujourd’hui</h2>
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</section><section><h2>L’histoire du Hakhel</h2>
<p>Imaginez cette scène : des millions de juifs – hommes, femmes, nourrissons et arrière-grand-mères, érudits et gens simples – assemblés à Jérusalem sur le mont du <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="38782">Temple</span>. Un silence tombe sur la foule immense au moment où le roi d’Israël revêtu de sa plus splendide parure monte sur une plate-forme et entame la lecture de plusieurs sections de la sainte <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="39995">Torah</span>. La nation est inspirée et revigorée. Ce rassemblement, à la fois manifestation d’unité et affirmation d’un but commun revitalise et recentre un peuple pourtant si diversifié.</p>
<p>Bien qu’apparemment improbable, cette scène se répétait tous les sept ans dans l’ancienne Jérusalem. Et quand le <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/52754/jewish/The-Holy-Temple-an-Anthology.htm" title="The Holy Temple: an Anthology">Temple</a> sera bientôt reconstruit, la pratique sera renouvelée et <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/710293/jewish/Machiah.htm" title="Machia’h">Machia’h</a> lui-même fera la lecture de la <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/1426382/jewish/Torah.htm" title="What Is the Torah?">Torah</a>.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><i>À la fin de chaque septième année, au moment désigné, lors de la fête de Souccot [suivant] l’année de Chemita. Lorsque tout Israël vient comparaître devant l’Éternel, ton D.ieu, dans l’endroit qu’Il aura élu, tu feras lecture de cette Torah en présence de tout Israël, à leurs oreilles. Rassemble le peuple entier : les hommes, les femmes et les enfants... — Deutéronome 31, 10-12</i></p>
</blockquote>
<span><sl-divider size="large"></sl-divider><span class="pullquote">Une inspiration pour affronter avec succès six années d’entreprises matérielles.</span><sl-divider size="large"></sl-divider></span> 
<p>Dans l’ancien Israël, une année de <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/1513580/jewish/La-Chemita.htm" title="La Chemita">Chemita</a> (« année sabbatique ») était marquée tous les sept ans. Pendant toute une année, l’activité économique de la nation s’arrêtait et tous les fermiers et les travailleurs agricoles abandonnaient leurs champs et affluaient en masse dans les maisons d’étude où, pendant toute une année, ils allaient se concentrer sur leur développement spirituel, plutôt que sur leurs besoins matériels.</p>
<p>Puis, au début de la huitième année (la première du nouveau cycle de sept ans), la nation était prête à retourner dans les champs et les vergers. Mais d’abord, le deuxième jour de la fête de Souccot, à peine seize jours après le début de la nouvelle année, tous se rassemblaient dans le Saint Temple pour recevoir une dose d’inspiration qui leur permettrait d’affronter avec succès les six années à venir, dont l’essentiel du temps allait être consacré à des entreprises matérielles.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><i>... afin qu’ils entendent, et afin qu’ils apprennent et craignent l’Éternel, ton D.ieu, et ils observeront toutes les paroles de cette Torah – ibid.</i></p>
</blockquote>
</section><section><h2><b>Revivre le mont Sinaï</b></h2>
<p style="direction: ltr">Cet événement portait le nom de <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="39501">Hakhel</span>, qui signifie « rassemble ! ». C’était le seul événement qui exigeait la présence de chaque Juif, rappelant le moment historique où notre nation se tint au mont Sinaï, lorsque chaque membre de notre peuple était présent quand D.ieu nous donna la Torah avec amour.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><i>Les convertis [qui ne comprennent pas la langue hébraïque] sont tenus de se préparer et d’appliquer leurs oreilles à écouter avec respect, crainte et une joie révérencieuse, comme au jour où [la Torah] fut donnée au Sinaï. Même les grands savants qui sont versés dans toute la Torah sont tenus d’écouter avec une grande concentration... – Maïmonide, lois de ‘Haguiga 3:6.</i></p>
</blockquote>
<span><sl-divider size="large"></sl-divider><span class="pullquote">Chaque individu doit se représenter que c’est de la bouche de D.ieu qu’il entend ces mots</span><sl-divider size="large"></sl-divider></span> 
<p>Une fois la nation tout entière rassemblée, le roi, se tenant sur une plate-forme de bois construite pour l’occasion dans la cour du Temple, recevait dans ses mains le rouleau de la Torah que Moïse lui-même avait écrit. Il récitait une bénédiction puis lisait à haute voix plusieurs parties du Livre du Deutéronome, et concluait avec plusieurs autres bénédictions.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><i>... Chaque individu doit s’imaginer comme recevant à ce moment le commandement de D.ieu, il doit se représenter que c’est de la bouche de D.ieu qu’il entend ces mots. Car le roi n’est qu’un messager pour annoncer les paroles de D.ieu. – ibid.</i></p>
<p><i>Dans tout le peuple – hommes, femmes et enfants –, on dirait alors : « Pourquoi nous sommes-nous réunis pour ce grand rassemblement ? » Et la réponse serait : « Pour entendre les paroles de la Torah, qui est notre essence, notre gloire et notre fierté ! » Cela les amènerait à dire les louanges de la Torah, à évoquer sa valeur glorieuse et à implanter dans leur cœur le désir et la motivation d’étudier et de connaître D.ieu. Ainsi, ils mériteraient le bien ultime, et D.ieu se réjouirait de Ses créations... – Sefer Ha’Hinoukh mitsva 612.</i></p>
</blockquote>
</section><section><h2><b>Le Hakhel aujourd’hui</b></h2>
<span><sl-divider size="large"></sl-divider><span class="pullquote">L’« année du Hakhel » est un moment opportun pour promouvoir l’unité juive et les rassemblements juifs</span><sl-divider size="large"></sl-divider></span> 
<p>La mitsva biblique de <a href="/generic_cdo/aid/742767/jewish/Hakhel.htm" title="The Year of Hakhel - Celebrating Jewish Unity">Hakhel</a> est seulement en vigueur lorsque tous les Juifs résident en Terre Sainte. Néanmoins, le Rabbi de Loubavitch a encouragé à plusieurs reprises tous les Juifs à utiliser ce moment propice pour se rassembler – hommes, femmes et enfants – et s’encourager mutuellement à accroître notre observance et notre étude de la Torah, et entretenir un environnement de crainte de D.ieu.</p>
<p>Le Rabbi a particulièrement encouragé ces assemblées pendant ou à proximité de Souccot, qui était le moment où le rassemblement du Hakhel avait lieu dans le Saint Temple, mais l’année tout entière est une « année de Hakhel » et un moment opportun pour promouvoir l’unité juive et les rassemblements juifs.</p>
<p>La responsabilité d’organiser des rassemblements de Hakhel repose principalement sur les « rois », c’est-à-dire les dirigeants – les rabbins et les cadres – de chaque communauté. Mais au cours de cette année, chacun doit saisir chaque occasion qui se présente pour rassembler des Juifs et recréer en microcosme le grand événement du Hakhel. De fait, chacun peut être un « roi » et exercer une influence positive dans son environnement personnel, qu’il s’agisse du cercle familial, amical ou professionnel.</p></section></div>
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