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<h1 class="article-header__title js-article-title js-page-title">Leadership</h1>
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A class of students at the <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="39158">Chabad</span> school in Morocco, the country to which the <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="40425">Rebbe</span> sent his first emissary
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<p>Le matin de Chabbat 28 Janvier 1950, le sixième Rabbi de Loubavitch, <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/932273/jewish/Rabbi-Yossef-Itshak-Schneersohn-1880-1950.htm" title="Rabbi Yossef Its’hak Schneersohn (1880 – 1950)">Rabbi Yossef Its’hak Schneerson</a>, de mémoire bénie, quitta ce monde.</p>
<p>Le Rabbi, Rabbi Mena’hem Mendel Schneerson, de mémoire bénie, en fut accablé de douleur ; des mois durant, un torrent de larmes accompagnait la moindre de ses références à son beau-père. Bien qu’il ait été le candidat naturel pour la succession, il refusa fermement d’accepter la position de « Rabbi » pendant toute une année avant de céder aux supplications qui affluaient de tous les coins du globe et d’assumer officiellement la direction du mouvement ‘Habad-Loubavitch.</p>
<p>Toutefois, il était clair dès le début qu’il était déterminé à poursuivre l’œuvre de son beau-père consistant à tendre la main à tous les Juifs, quel que puisse être leur éloignement géographique ou spirituel de leur peuple.</p>
<p>Le 7 Février, à peine dix jours après le décès de Rabbi Yossef Its’hak, le Rabbi nomma le <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="41899">rav</span> Michael Lipsker comme son émissaire – « <i>chalia’h</i> » – pour les Juifs du Maroc.</p>
<hr width="50%" noshade size="2" align="center">
<p>Cette institution d’envoyer des émissaires est sans doute l’apport le plus révolutionnaire du Rabbi à la vie juive d’aujourd’hui. Il n’est pas exagéré de dire qu’elle a transformé le visage du judaïsme dans la seconde moitié du 20<sup>ème</sup> siècle.</p>
<p>Le concept en est à la fois profond et simple. Le Rabbi voulait atteindre tous les Juifs du monde et les inspirer à accroître leur engagement dans le judaïsme. Mais atteindre chaque Juif est une tâche techniquement impossible à réaliser pour un être humain. Alors il leva une armée de jeunes hommes et de jeunes femmes, et il leur dit : « Je vous nomme mes émissaires pour agir à ma place. » Lorsque vous serez là-bas – dans le New Jersey ou en Alaska, à Belo Horizonte, au Brésil ou à Tcheliabinsk, en Sibérie –, ce sera comme si j’y étais moi-même, comme si je donnais moi-même ce cours, comme si je cachérisais moi-même cette cuisine ou conduisais moi-même ce Séder de Pessa’h.</p>
<p>Un émissaire, un <i>chalia’h</i>, est un concept juridique dans la loi juive, par lequel une personne peut en désigner une autre pour effectuer une action à sa place. Le Rabbi a pris ce concept de la <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="39995">Torah</span> et l’a transformé en un appel et un mode de vie pour des dizaines, puis des centaines, puis des milliers de jeunes familles.</p>
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<img src="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/34/lttm341684.jpg?_i=_n436CD82877B052E3CAA3AF02B1A92A8A" alt="&amp;quot;The New Lubavitcher Rebbe,&amp;quot; a heading of a newspaper article following the Rebbe&amp;#39;s acceptance of the leadership of Chabad-Lubavitch" title="&amp;quot;The New Lubavitcher Rebbe,&amp;quot; a heading of a newspaper article following the Rebbe&amp;#39;s acceptance of the leadership of Chabad-Lubavitch" srcset="https://w2.chabad.org/media/images/34/lttm341684.jpg?_i=_n436CD82877B052E3CAA3AF02B1A92A8A 400w" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 400px, 100vw" loading="lazy" />
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"The New <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="21198">Lubavitcher Rebbe</span>," a heading of a newspaper article following the Rebbe's acceptance of the leadership of <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="22770">Chabad-Lubavitch</span>
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<p>Le Rabbi n’offrit pas à ses émissaires le confort d’une action basée sur une obéissance aveugle à ses consignes. Il insista au contraire sur le fait que les programmes et les activités menés par un émissaire devaient découler de ses capacités et de ses inclinations personnelles d’une part, et des besoins particuliers et de la situation de sa localité d’autre part. Tel était le leadership du Rabbi, à même de combiner cela avec le fait que chaque émissaire est pénétré de la conscience qu’il ou elle agit en tant qu’extension de la personne même du Rabbi – ce qui leur a permit de triompher de difficultés qui auraient été autrement insurmontables.</p>
<p>Le Rabbi avait un lien spécial avec ses émissaires. Lorsque son épouse, la Rabbanit, quitta ce monde en 1988, sa première demande fut « d’en informer [nos] enfants, les émissaires ». Avant de quitter le « <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="41940">770</span> » le jour où il subit un accident vasculaire cérébral en mars 1992, il organisa son bureau – habituellement recouvert de piles de livres et de papiers – en laissant un seul objet dessus : l’album en trois volumes contenant les photos de ses émissaires.</p>
<hr width="50%" noshade size="2" align="center">
<p>Le 17 janvier 1951-10 Chevat 5711, le Rabbi accepta officiellement la direction de ‘Habad-Loubavitch en prononçant la traditionnelle dissertation ‘hassidique, le <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/825065/jewish/Maamar-Bati-LGani-5711.htm" title="Maamar Bati LéGani 5711"><i>maamar</i></a>, lors d’un rassemblement marquant le premier anniversaire du décès de son beau-père. À cette occasion, le Rabbi dit (traduction libre) :</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Ici, en Amérique les gens aiment entendre des choses exprimées sous la forme d’une « déclaration », de préférence une déclaration fracassante et provocatrice. Je ne sais pas si c’est la meilleure approche, mais comme nos Sages ont dit : « Quand on arrive dans une ville, on se conforme à la coutume locale. »</p>
<p>Les trois amours – l’amour de D.ieu, l’amour de la <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/1426382/jewish/Torah.htm" title="What Is the Torah?">Torah</a> et l’amour de son prochain – ne font qu’un. On ne peut pas différencier entre eux, car ils sont d’une essence unique. Et comme ils sont d’une essence unique, chacun incarne tous les trois.</p>
<p>Ceci est notre « déclaration » : Si vous voyez une personne qui a l’amour de D.ieu mais manque d’amour de la Torah et d’amour de son prochain, il faut lui dire que son amour de D.ieu est incomplet. Et si vous voyez une personne qui a seulement l’amour de son prochain, vous devez vous efforcer de le ramener à l’amour de la Torah et à l’amour de D.ieu, de sorte que son amour envers ses semblables ne s’exprime pas seulement dans la fourniture de pain aux affamés et d’eau aux assoiffés, mais qu’il le rapproche également de la Torah et de D.ieu.</p>
<p>Lorsque nous aurons les trois amours ensemble, nous parviendrons à la Délivrance. En effet, tout comme ce dernier exil fut causé par un manque d’amour fraternel, de même la Délivrance définitive et immédiate sera atteinte par l’amour du prochain.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Lors de ce rassemblement, le Rabbi établit également ce qui allait devenir le leitmotiv de ses enseignements et de ses activités : c’est notre génération qui a reçu la tâche de mener à terme le but même de la création, que l’enseignement ‘hassidique définit comme étant de « faire une demeure pour D.ieu dans le monde matériel ». Notre génération, dit le Rabbi, est celle qui introduira l’ère de <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/710293/jewish/Machiah.htm" title="Machia’h">Machia’h</a> – l’ère de bonté et de perfection qui est l’aboutissement de l’effort plurimillénaire de l’humanité de révéler l’image de D.ieu dans laquelle elle a été créée.</p>
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